If you in your consciousness dare to defy authority, meaning commonly established and accepted views in society, or among other people, of how things are supposed to work in life or in laws of nature, then you are more open in your mind to alternative views and new possibilities, and then you have created more freedom for yourself to make new discoveries.Yes, all that is true, but I still don't think that 'Discovery comes from defying authority' is a particularly useful instruction. I believe it is totally over-rated, and its power is deeply illusory. In the colleges I saw, it was practically rammed down the student's throats. It was a fashionable, hip thing to say and believe. And yet those who believed were as prone to falling into orthodoxies as anyone else. Those who made it a regular touchstone were, if anything,
more prone to falling into orthodoxies than other people. Orwell's sheep were bleating every day, 'we must not be sheep, we must defy authority'. Others confused their anti-authority posture, and bleating, with insight and wisdom.
Often their emotional anti-authority posture was actually retarding their development of insight more than helping it.Sure, people need an open mind as a necessary ingredient of insight. But then, 'Discovery comes from defying authority' is like 'Superb health comes from vitamin-B'. If you are short on vitamin-B, you need some, end of story. If you are not, you don't, end of story. If you have even a decent amount of it, it won't do anything decisive to you.
BTW, I certainly don't believe that Einstein lost any of that ability to 'defy authority', or that that had anything to do with his much weaker contribution to physics in his later life. That's absolute rubbish, I'm confident of that. In answering that question, he's a celebrity giving the expected, 'sage', quotable-cliche response when the right answer to that particular question is much less exciting and deceptively 'inspiring'. The right answer to 'Why Einstein, could you no longer contribute so much in your later years' is more like: 'I tried hard, but I was no longer able to. I'm not sure why -- perhaps age was part of it -- most major contributions in Physics and Math are made by younger men. And some of it may have been that my particular mind was suited to the particular discoveries I needed to make. In other words, something was waiting to be discovered that I had particular skills for. I was less good at what came after that.'
Nor do I believe that his ability to produce as he did when he was younger had much to do with any particular ability to defy authority.
In the 20th-century you will see some geniuses like Einstein tending to explain their particular genius in terms of defying authority. Silly men.
It's like imagine Michael Jordan attributing his success to adequate Vitamin B -- or defying authority. It just isn't reality, even if it might be fun to believe it is. Is celebrity destined to go to the heads of all who become celebrities, and keep them from telling it like it is any more?